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Haplogroups
Haplogroups are a classification tied to deep ancestry (think 10,000 or 10's of 1000's of years ago) and are used in the human
Philogenetic tree. Please note that the countries in this database are the countries of the individuals that were tested.
The purpose of the country information is to tell researches about migratory patterns, and should not be used to determine
countries of origin.
Haplogroup Test
Your matches suggest that you belong to a particular Haplogroup. You may confirm that by ordering a Y-DNA SNP test for the
particular clade or Haplogroup.
The suggested test can only determine whether you are a particular Haplogroup or not. If you are not, then additional tests
would be needed to determine your haplogroup. The test can be performed on the DNA sample that you have already submitted.
You may order it by logging on to your account at the FTDNA website, select Haplogroup and then the order link.
Source: Family Tree DNA
For Detailed Country Information, See your Individual FTDNA Haplogroup Results Report.
For More Information About Haplogroups, Click the link below.
Haplogroup Descriptions
? FamilyTreeDNA is unable to suggest a probable haplogroup based on your matches. Please contact
FamilyTreeDNA to discuss your Y-DNA Haplogroup.
C
Haplogroup C is found throughout mainland Asia, the south Pacific, and at low frequency in Native American populations. Haplogroup
C
originated in southern Asia and spread in all directions. This lineage colonized New Guinea, Australia, and north Asia,
and currently is found
with its highest diversity in populations of India.
C2 The C2 lineage is distributed throughout the Polynesia, Melanesia, New Guinea, and Indonesia.
C3 The C3 lineage is believed to have originated in southeast or central Asia. This lineage then
spread into
northern Asia, and then into the Americas.
D1 This lineage is a descendent of the D lineage and is currently present in Southeast Asia and
Tibet. Like its
progenitor it is also found in low frequencies in Mongolian populations, but unlike D it is completely absent from Japan.
E1 This haplogroup is restricted to Africa where it occurs at intermediate frequencies. It is
less common than its
sister lineage E3a.
E3a Haplogroup E3a is an Africa lineage. It is currently hypothesized that this haplogroup dispersed
south from
northern Africa within the last 3,000 years, by the Bantu agricultural expansion. E3a is also the most common lineage among
African
Americans.
E3b This haplogroup is believed to have evolved in the Middle East. It expanded into the Mediterranean
during
the Pleistocene Neolithic expansion. It is currently distributed around the Mediterranean, southern Europe, and in north and
east Africa.
G This lineage may have originated in India or Pakistan, and has dispersed into central Asia,
Europe, and the
Middle East. The G2 branch of this lineage (containing the P15 mutation) is found most often in the Europe and the Middle
East.
I The I, I1, and I1a lineages are nearly completely restricted to northwestern Europe. These would
most likely
have been common within Viking populations. One lineage of this group extends down into central Europe.
I1b This line was derived within Viking / Scandinavian populations in northwest Europe and has
since spread
down into southern Europe where it is present at low frequencies.
J2 This lineage originated in the northern portion of the Fertile Crescent where it later spread
throughout central
Asia, the Mediterranean, and south into India. As with other populations with Mediterranean ancestry this lineage is found
within Jewish
populations. The Cohen modal lineage is found in Haplogroup J2.
N This haplogroup is distributed throughout Northern Eurasia. It is the most common Y-chromosome
type in
Uralic speakers (Finns and Hungarians). This lineage most likely originated in northern China or Mongolia and then spread
into Siberia where
it became a very common line in western Siberia.
O2 Haplogroup O2 has two primary lines, the 465 line and the M95 line. Both lines are found in
Asia. The 465
line is at high frequency in Japanese and Korean populations and at low frequency in east Asia. The M95 line is found in Southeast
Asian
populations (Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and southern China).
P The undifferentiated P lineage is a very rare haplogroup in populations at this time. Although
it was the
ancestral line to haplogroups Q and R it is only found at low frequency in India, Pakistan, and central Asia with a most likely
point of origin in
either central Asia or the Altai region of Siberia.
Q The Q lineage is the lineage that links Asia and the Americas. This lineage is found in North
and Central Asian
populations as well as native Americans. This lineage is believed to have originated in Central Asia and migrated through
the Altai / Baikal
region of northern Eurasia into the Americas.
R1 The undifferentiated R1 lineage is quite rare. It is found only at very low frequencies in
Europe, Central Asia,
and South Asia. This lineage possibly originated in Europe and then migrated east into Asia.
R1a The R1a lineage is believed to have originated in the Eurasian Steppes north of the Black
and Caspian
Seas. This lineage is believed to have originated in a population of the Kurgan culture, known for the domestication of the
horse
(approximately 3000 B.C.E.). These people were also believed to be the first speakers of the Indo-European language group.
This lineage is
currently found in central and western Asia, India, and in Slavic populations of Eastern Europe.
R1b Haplogroup R1b is the most common haplogroup in European populations. It is believed to have
expanded
throughout Europe as humans re-colonized after the last glacial maximum 10-12 thousand years ago. This lineage is also the
haplogroup
containing the Atlantic modal haplotype.
Haplogroup Descriptions Used by Permission.
Copyright 2003, 2004, 2005 Genealogy by Genetics, Ltd.
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